Various Professional Courses in India to Take Your Career in the Right Path

The cutthroat competition in the Indian job market has led to the rising demand for various professional courses that guarantee jobs as well as career growth. Students in India are always on the lookout for job-oriented courses to boost their career further. To their delight, professional courses are now offered at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Each of these courses has its own eligibility criteria that students need to fulfill before taking admission into these courses. Though engineering and medical courses are the most popular ones, there are also some path-breaking courses with equal scope and prospects for students. These include architecture, law, hotel management and distance Master of Business Administration courses.

Architecture generally involves the techniques of designing and developing buildings and structures by taking into account factors, such as functionality, social and aesthetic conditions. Various courses in architecture are found in nearly all states of the country. Some of them are extremely popular all over the world. There is also the Council of Architecture, established by the Government of India, to recognize and govern the standards of architecture courses in the nation.

Various architecture programmes offered in India include Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.), Masters in Architecture (M.Arch.) and Doctorate in Architecture (Ph.D.). At the postgraduate level, there are also courses like Masters in Planning, Masters in Urban Design, and Masters of Urban and Regional Planning. While undergraduate programmes have a duration of 5 years that includes strong emphasis on both theoretical and practical training, postgraduate and doctorate programs are of 2 and 3years respectively. Some popular architecture institutes in India are IIT-Kharagpur, IIT-Roorkee, Jamia Millia Islamia University in Delhi, RV College of Engineering in Bangalore, Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute for Architecture and Environmental Studies (KRVIA) in Mumbai, etc.

As per the figure worked out by the Bar Council of India, more than 1,500 lawyers get themselves registered for the practice of law every year. There are many different options for making your career in law. You can take up the role of legal officers in countless law firms or business houses, apart from practicing in different courts. Various undergraduate law courses include Bachelor of Law (LL.B.) of 3 years, B.A., LL.B (Hons.) of 5 years, B.Sc., LL.B (Hons.) of 5 years and many more. The range of postgraduate professional courses is vast with Master of Laws (LL.M.), PG Diploma in Labour Laws and Labour Welfare (D.L.L. & L.W.), PG Diploma in Taxation Laws and Master of Comparative Law (M.C.L.). Further studies are also available in the form of Doctor of Laws, and Doctor of Civil Laws. You have the options of pursuing these courses in institutes like National Law School of India University in Bangalore, NALSAR University of Law in Hyderabad, National Law Institute University in Bhopal and National Law University in Jodhpur.

As India is the ultimate choice for millions of global tourists, the tourism and hospitality sector in the country is witnessing an upsurge. In the pursuit to produce efficient professionals for this booming sector, there are many professional courses in the offering. At the undergraduate level, you'll come across courses such as B.Sc. in Hotel Management, Catering Technology and Tourism, Bachelor of Hotel Management (BHM), Bachelor of Tourism Administration (BTA) and numerous 1-year diploma programmes. If you seek to pursue a course after graduation, there are courses like MBA in Tourism and Hotel Management, Master of Tourism Administration (MTA), Master in Hotel Administration (MHA) and Post Graduate Diploma in Hospital Management. You can avail these courses from institutes such as Air Hostess Academy, Amity Business School, Apeejay Institute of Hospitality and Apollo Institute of Hospital Administration.

Last but lot least, distance MBAs are most preferred professional courses by students and working executives alike due to their flexible nature. Like regular courses, these courses are available in almost all disciplines such as finance, human resource, marketing, information system, banking, insurance, international business, hospitality, retail and many more. Many open and private universities offer distance MBAs and post graduate programmes in management. IGNOU, Amity School of Distance Learning, and Annamalai University are some of the popular names.

Mr. Vikas Rathi is providing Infinite Courses, a foremost name in the arena of web sites and portals offering umbrella solution to all education related queries and dilemmas. Explore B Arch Colleges in India, Hotel Management Colleges in India, and much more.

India Debt Collection Business

Until the emergence of debt collection business, debt collection in India, was never treated as a specialized job and was always treated as one of the jobs that legal departments of the banks and financial institutions were required to undertake. A typical legal department of an organization would approach the collection job strictly as a legal issue rather than as a revenue collection measure. Litigation would be the only tool used for recoveries and no other tool was either known or used by the industry. Litigation as a recovery measure always had its own limitations due to long and winding court procedures the Indian legal system is always criticized for. On the other hand, foreign banking firms introduced the concept of specialized debt collection services. Debt collection services became one of the many services that began to be outsourced to specialized agencies. The collection business had a very humble beginning and it barely qualified as a specialized service.

However over a period of time with the emergence of India as a global outsourcing destination the domestic businesses also adopted the outsourcing as an efficient business tool. With the result today, the third-party debt collection industry plays an important role in the Indian economy. The industry employs hundreds of thousands of Indians as collection professionals, who are servicing several industries ranging from banks, to telecom service providers to insurance companies. Typically, only small recoveries arising from periodic billing defaults by the customers are outsourced to the collection agencies. Not only the collection business has become a direct source of employment to thousands but its contribution to the economy is more pronounced because it helps infuse money back in the economy that otherwise would have remained uncollected. The economic benefits of third-party debt collection are significant. Citibank is the pioneer in introducing third party collection techniques in India.

The debt collection industry in India also has grown sharply this year as higher borrowing costs; rising inflation and the general slowdown in the economy force more companies and individuals into difficulties. Underlying debt has gone through the roof and lenders and organizations increasingly want to move any bad debt off their books. Whether it is a high street bank, a credit card lender or a mobile phone company, growing numbers are turning to professional debt collectors in a more difficult environment.

The debt collection industry in India is growing at a faster pace and is surely poised for growth. The credit card outstanding have shot up by a whopping 87% at USD 6114 Million during this year, from USD 2844 Million in the period year ago. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) which regulates the banking industry in the country encourages banks to shift bad loans off their books more quickly because they will be required to hold more capital against risky assets that may default.

COLLECTION INDUSTRY - UNREGULATED SCENARIO

The collection business has its own inherent shortcomings due to unregulated and primitive nature of this business in this country. The persons employed in the industry are untrained both in soft skills and legal skills. Being unregulated, the procedures are not standardized and there are no industry specific checks and balances. Still litigation is used as the last resort tool for recoveries. However the industry has been accused of manipulating the legal system to their advantage by using courts as their agents of recovery. It is seen that big corporations with large volumes of recoveries have unwritten understanding with the local courts at the lowest level. With the patronage of minuscule minority of pliable judges simple civil defaults are registered as criminal cases thus pressurizing the debtors into paying the dues. Slow and long civil recovery court process has no takers in this age of instant results where revenue targets are the most sacrosanct. Under such strict and cut throat environment, there is pressure on the banks to keep their account books healthy therefore such aggressive and extra-legal methods are employed for quick recoveries.

GOVERNMENT / RBI INTERVENTION

Debt collectors in the past had a lot of leeway and it wasn't uncommon for collectors to embarrass, harass or humiliate debtors by adopting extra-legal measures. In the absence of any regulatory regime the courts had to step in by laying down guidelines for the industry to follow. After the intervention of judiciary, the RBI woke up to the need of regulating the unruly collection agencies and laid down its own guidelines for the banking industry to follow.

The guidelines prescribed by RBI are enforced against the banks that have contractually employed collection agencies. The banks in turn via their contracts with the collection agencies ensure that the RBI guidelines are followed. Now, under the RBI guidelines it is illegal to threaten violence or cause harm to debtor, use obscene language, or repeatedly use the phone to harass debtors. In addition, collection agents cannot seize or garnish a consumer's property or wages without recourse to court procedure.

The following are few of the core underpinnings of the collection process. These are the norms formalized by the top bank in India - RBI.

1. DSAs/DMAs/Recovery agents to get minimum 100 hours of training.

2. Recovery agents should call borrowers only from telephone numbers notified to the borrower.

3. Each bank should have a mechanism whereby borrowers' grievances with regard to the recovery process can be addressed.

4. Banks are advised to ensure that contracts with recovery agents do not

induce adoption of uncivilized, unlawful and questionable behavior or recovery process.

5. Banks are required to strictly abide by the codes pertaining to collection of dues.

RBI in the draft guidelines issued for banks engaging recovery agents, has asked banks to inform borrowers the details of recovery agents engaged for the purpose while forwarding default cases to the recovery agents.

The Reserve Bank of India has also considered imposing a temporary ban (or even a permanent ban in case of persistent abusive practices) for engaging recovery agents on those banks where penalties have been imposed by a High Court/Supreme Court or against its directors/officers with regard to the abusive practices followed by their recovery agents. An operational circular in this regard has been issued in November 15, 2007.

Other Laws

Still the non banking debts collection business is outside the purview of any regulator. There are no licenses or registrations to be obtained from any regulator to pursue collection business in India. The extant guidelines applicable to banking industry are found inadequate as they address only the problem of debtors' harassment and the guidelines do not regulate the industry as such. The Government is well aware of the need of having a specialized legal mechanism for recovery of institutional debts which has become a huge problem for the entire banking industry.

Every bank is grappling with the non-paying accounts, known as Non Performing Accounts (NPA) in the Indian banking parlance. The problem has taken enormous proportion and threatened the economy. Creation of Debt Recovery Tribunals in the year 1993 was a step in the direction of facilitating fast recoveries by the banks . The intention behind creation of such Tribunal was to ensure that banking industry was provided with its own recovery mechanism that was part of the legal system but at the same time exclusive to the banking industry. Bank debts above USD 22,727 could be recovered through the Tribunals.

However, over a period of time it was realized that this new mechanism did not yield the desired result since the recoveries were still slow and due to shear volume of work, the Tribunal became like any other court. The whole objective of having a fast track and efficient recovery mechanism was therefore defeated. Bank debts still remained a major problem to be solved since it affected the entire economy of the country. The Government felt the need of having a mechanism that was minimally dependent on the courts for effecting recoveries since the legal system could not be reformed overnight. Therefore instead of reforming the court procedure the government did some clever thinking and came up with a legislation that minimized the intervention of court and empowered the banks with special powers using which the recoveries could be affected.

The government thus came up with a new law Scrutinization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (SARFAESI Act) where under the banks are allowed to liquidate security given by the borrower for recovery of their dues. This law also paved the way for creation of asset reconstruction companies that take over the security interest of the debtors. These agencies are thus another form of debt collection agencies that have been institutionalized.

The need to share credit information among the banking industry was also felt in order for the industry to benefit from each other. Thus Credit Information Companies (Regulation) Act was enacted in the year 2005.

INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM AND COLLECTION PROCESSES

The Indian legal system is absolutely fair and assures justice to the party involved. There are remedies available under the law to collect the debt, if the debtor does not agree to pay under normal circumstances. The creditor may file a suit for his recovery. Debts based on written contracts could be recovered by following fast track procedure. If the debtor is a company, creditor / his lawyers may apply in the 'Company Court' for winding up of the company due to non-payment of substantial amount of debt. Summary trial is another way. The process may take time-1 to 2 years. Evidences are recorded appropriately and produced in the court of law, whenever required. There is also the arrangement of appeal to be filed at later stage.

US OUTSOURCING SCENARIO

India has attracted many technology jobs in recent years from Western nations, particularly the United States. Now, it is on its way to becoming a hub in another offshore outsourcing area - debt collection. According to the industry report, units of General Electric, Citigroup, HSBC Holdings and American Express have used their India-based staff to pursue credit card debt and mortgage payment by calling defaulters.

US debt collection agencies are the newest to start outsourcing their work to India and are satisfied with the results produced by the polite but persistent Indian experts. After insurance claims and credit card sales, debt collection is a growing business for outsourcing companies at a time of downturn in the US economy when consumers struggle to pay for their purchases.

Debt collection is a vital and growing component of US economy. There is more than $2.5 trillion in outstanding consumer debt. As a result, the third-party collection industry makes more than one billion contacts with consumers each year. Recently this year, more than $39.3 billion in debt was returned to creditors.

Indians have the advantage of lower salaries and other expenses, which cut drastically costs of collecting debts. Debt collectors in India cost as little as one-quarter the price of their US and European counterparts and are often better at the job. Many such Indian firms run 24-hour services. Indian debt-collection companies comply with strict regulations on operations in the American and / or European markets.

SUMMARY

India has a long way to go in establishing a mature collection services industry. The collection business needs to be regulated and empowered with legal powers to become an effective tool. Already, there is a realization in the country that court dependent recovery is an inefficient way of way of debt collection. Creation of Assets Reconstruction and Securitization Companies under the SARFARESI Act is a step in the right direction of recognizing debt collection as an independent and specialized business function. While some progress is made for the bank debts but still for a large volume of unrealized non bank debt there are no professionally managed and regulated third party collection service providers. Non bank debts are largely unsecured that makes it even more difficult to realize. No big corporations and business houses are interested in acting as collection agents without there being an attraction of valuable security asset. Lawyers can fill this gap by providing collection services for non bank debts. Indian law does not permit contingency fee that makes the business less lucrative. India is therefore ready to benefit from foreign experience, expertise and ideas to create an efficient debt collection industry of its own at par with global status. This need is more felt now by India due to its global ambitions wherein India must adopt globally recognized practices and models. Transnational businesses need a uniform operating system for seamless transactions. Efficient debt collection industry will only instill confidence in companies doing business with Indian companies. Collection professionals have this challenge facing them of creating an efficient system that reduces people's dependence on court supported recoveries.

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Children in India - Out of Vision and Perspective

It has now become clear that the contemptible condition of the health services in the State owes to lack of adequate budget and inequitable distribution of the available budget. In Madhya Pradesh, one of the largest states in India, only Rs 65 per child is allocated for the children per year. Kerala and Tamil Nadu are those States where children are given dishes made of eggs, banana and coconut as nutritious food and the total arrangement of complete health care is available at anganwadi level. This led to the malnutrition rate dropping down to half in these States. These southern States also ensured in a planned manner that not only the women are given information on nutrition and domestic health but that the anganwadi workers and Asha workers are in continuous touch with them and keep holding discussions. In the Mitanin programme of Chhattisgarh too, it was ensured that the ailments like Diarrhea, Malaria and worms (in stomach) are treated at village level and if necessary, the children are referred to bigger government hospitals. This too helped in reduction of infant mortality rates. We have 44 percent population categorized as children, but we have no platform and accountable forum created by the state for sheltering children's right to development, protection, participation and survival.

The problem in context of MP is that here a lot of thoughts were generated but results were not achieved and the infrastructure was played with dangerously. In MP, the local health systems have been totally demolished. Services of 60000 traditional midwives were stopped without making any alternative arrangements that directly affected the health of pregnant women and newborn children. The question is whether or not these traditional midwives would have been given intensive training to become health provider rather than totally eradicating them from the system? On other hand, the state and central governments are not making budgetary allocations for creating new systems for child health.

Since last three to four years, a new analysis is being put forth that the new doctors do not want to go to rural areas, although their remuneration has been hiked to Rs 30000 and other benefits are also being provided. Now the question that should be asked is that why would the young doctors, who spent as much Rs 25 lakh - most of it on loan at interest rate of 14 pc -work in the government system? A mystification is being created that youth do not want to go to rural areas, but the fact is that the government itself allowed the private health sector and private medical education to become unrestrained. Now health is not 'service' but 'market' and children are the biggest sufferers because they are not in a position to impact family or State structure. They are thus bound to face the impact of all policies and the banes and benefits of the market-oriented system and most of them perish. It is a contradictory situation that while the private hospitals are operative for 24 hours even for emergency services, the dreams of the government to run the sub-health centres and primary health centers for 24 hours remain buried in systemic red-tapism.

Government displays its prioritization for any public issue through budgetary allocation. The complete apathy of government towards children's health has been laid bare by an analysis of the State's budget by the Centre for Budget Governance and Accountability. The study shows that the MP government spends only 0.1 pc of its gross domestic produce (GDP) on children's health and this negligible budget allocation itself raises serious question on the policy intentions of the State Government. According to the budget allocations of 2006-07, 79.7 pc of the budget allocated for children is spend on education, while merely 2 was spend on health.

Under the planned expenditure head of the State, in year 1997-98, Rs 38.3 crores was allocated for children's health, which remained just Rs 38.1 crore in 2006-07 budget estimates, instead of increasing. The planned expenditure for tribal groups has remained zero. This is the reason that the infant mortality rate in tribal groups is one and half times more than the State average.

Looking at the complete picture, in year 2005-06, the State and central governments allocated Rs 156.8 crores from 2.48 crore children (44 pc of State population), which means that Rs 63.3 per children for one year. It is clear that children's health is not a priority for the government. Out of total allocation of Rs 4647.7 crores, only 3.4 pc - meaning the lowest pc - was allocated for health purposes.

Presently, on the policy level, there are efforts to bring health under service sector and link it with insurance sector. The ruling Congress at Centre had also advocated bringing all citizens under purview of health insurance in its election manifesto, but the question is whether the insured family (especially if it is poor and deprived) could get an entry into private hospital. The experiences till now suggest that rather than treatment, they get insults and abuses. Insurance sector is profit-oriented sector, whereas health sector demands total freedom from intention of profit. The health insurance scheme could be a success only if the nationalized insurance companies are ready to take responsibility of health insurance and government bears the expenditure. The private health market and the private insurance sector would only further demolish that 77 percent section of society, which according to the Arjun Sengupta report, runs its life at less than Rs 20 per day.

It's a basic principal of a pro-people governance system that state at all levels must ensure a monitoring and management information system to register the contemporary situation of the society. In Madhya Pradesh, we still do not have a mechanism where a common person could have an access to the data and information to know the realities. Then only actions to handle field problems and challenges be designed and implemented. Along with non-availability of field data, state has not shown any interest in making any step towards the formation of a platform, where voices of children by themselves could be raised and addressed. The entire perspective within the state is divided into age classifications (Women and Child Development Department is responsible for the Children under the age of 6, the it goes to the School Education), problem framework, kind of needs and violations, Vulnerabilities There are proofs of the extremely non-committed attitude of the state Government towards children's health and it is clear that the needs of children and their right to life have not at all been felt by our socio-political system.

Sachin Kumar Jain

Hello Philippines, Goodbye India

Outsourcing business is truly an economic blessing to Asian countries and other parts of the world. There's so many to mention about this industry which became powerful over a decade because of the high demand of the customer service. Large call center companies started to harvest the fruits of their labor due to the continuous patronage of their customers worldwide.

When it comes to notable leader of call center industry, it has been told that India has dominated the market. The year 2006 is the increased of globalization for the business process outsourcing, with overseas contact centers in Asia, Central and Eastern Europe. Despite the report released by the UK reporters uncovered an unsettling underside to the Indian call center industry-lax security of customer data. The British media managed to uncover criminal rings that sold data from millions of customers, accessed from Indian call centers. As a result of this, many companies pulled out of the Indian call center industry over the last year. But in general India is still coping up with this industry.

Let's take a closer look of India, situated over 7,000 km (4,350 mi), this country lies on a peninsula in Southern Asia that protrudes into the Indian Ocean. India is bounded in the southwest by the Arabian Sea and in the east and southeast by the Bay of Bengal. With a record breaking population of 936,545,814 estimated in July 1995, with 1.8 percent annual growth rate. About 74 percent in rural areas in 1991; high population density--284 persons per square kilometer national average, major states more than 700 persons per square kilometer; 100 persons or fewer per square kilometer in some border states and insular territories. Bombay (officially renamed Mumbai in 1995) largest city, with 12.6 million in 1991; twenty-three other cities with populations of more than 1 million. Language spoken is English including the 1,652 different "mother tongues".

Meanwhile, the Philippines being an agricultural country is now receiving recognition in the call center arena. Now, the Philippines is considered to be the major player and hotlist competitor of India. Foreign investors would say "hello Philippines", which means the country is the preferred destination for outsourcing against India and other countries like China, Russia, Malaysia, Mexico, Brazil, Ireland and Canada. The Philippines continue to conquer the world of information technology such as BPO and call centers. The valuable knowledge of the Filipinos in customer service and other valuable resources are among of the few reasons that Philippines is surpassing India. Large call center companies are occupying the skyscrapers in the major business districts in metro Manila and other provinces in the country.

The sophisticated development of contact centers everywhere in the Philippines is not possible without the strong support from its government. In addition, The Philippine IT outsourcing industry's advantages as an outsourcing destination include overall quality, low cost, good quality education, good value, increasing domain expertise and increasingly sophisticated performance metrics and program management skills. The American invasion is a proof why Filipinos have fluency in English language. With the literacy rate of 94.9% by 2000, with female literacy rate of 94.8% and male literacy rate of 95.1% is also a great reason. President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo had designed programs that will boost the literacy rate of the Filipinos with the partnership from the different sectors led by the Department of Education (DepEd).

CYBER CORRIDOR

The Cyber Corridor encompasses centers of technology and learning running the length of all the super regions, from Baguio to Clark to Metro Manila to Cebu to Davao and neighboring areas. This was given priority agenda by the Mrs. Arroyo in her 2006 and 2007 State of the Nation Address (Sona). In her recent Sona in July this year, she outlined that the Philippines ranks among top off-shoring hubs in the world because of cost competitiveness and more importantly our highly trainable, English proficient, IT-enabled management and manpower. The growth of ICT-enabled services in different regions in the Philippines successfully contributed significantly to the country's revenue collections.

The Cyber Corridor is an ICT channel running over 600 miles across the country, from Baguio City in the north to Zamboanga down south of the archipelago. Supported by a $10 billion high bandwidth fiber back-bone and digital network, the Cyber Corridor will be home to numerous cyberservice providers that supply expert services in various fields of ICT, such as business process outsourcing (BPO), contact centers, animation, medical and legal transcription, software development, e-learning, e-entertainment and gaming, and other back office operations, among others.

The BPO and contact center locators continuously seek places where to establish their business. The increasing demand of more practical and feasible outsourcing sites outside Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, Clark in Pampanga, Baguio City and Metro Davao, considered as mature sites, have spurred the growth of ICT in the countryside. The cities like Sta. Rosa, Lipa in Batangas; Legaspi and Naga in Bicol; Tagbilaran, Tacloban, Dumaguete and Bacolod in Visayas; and Cagayan de Oro in Mindanao currently play hosts to some of the biggest BPO players in the country. What acknowledge locators to these places are the availability of quality workforce, redundant telecommunications facilities, sound business and incentives package from the local governments, among others.

WHY INVEST IN THE PHILIPPINES?

According to the Philippine Economic Zone Authority (Peza), the Philippines is fast becoming the preferred haven for foreign investments in the Asia-Pacific region. Its investment climate is conducive more than ever to foreign investors. It has a continuing economic and financial reform program to be more competitive in the international market. It has rid itself of excessive government regulations and has liberalized all sectors of its economy.

Peza stated that telecommunications, shipping, oil, banking, and insurance industries have been deregulated. Strategically located, the Philippines provides a natural gateway to other Asia-Pacific economies. It has flourishing trade links with its Asian neighbors due to shared history, cultures, and tradition. The economic reforms are in place and continues to be improved. Business is liberalized, promotional and less regulatory, and attuned for global competition. There's full (100%) foreign ownership of enterprises, facilitative assistance and simplified investment procedures. A market composed of 76.5 million Filipino consumers.

Peza is a government corporation established through legislative enactment known as "The Special Economic Zone Act of 1995". It is an investment promotion agency and a government owned corporation, attached to the Department of Trade & Industry (DTI). It offers ready-to-occupy locations to foreign investors who are export producers or IT service exporters in world class and environment friendly Economic Zones and I.T. Parks/Buildings.

PHILIPPINE VS INDIA

In comparison between the Philippines and India in terms of labor pool, cost and government policies. On labor pool, the Philippines produces 380,000 graduates annually. The country has abundant supply of quality labor with a large pool of knowledge-based, multi-skilled, highly-educated, highly-trainable, literate, English-speaking workforce. Low employment turnover (less than 1%), high productivity yields, highly adaptable to model changes, and familiar to quality work needs. India, on the other hand, produces over 75,000 IT graduates and 20 lacs English-speaking graduates annually.

On Labor Cost:

According to the Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics under the Department of Labor and Employment (DoLE) revealed in 2002, employers in non-agricultural establishments spent a total of PhP460 billion in labor cost, representing a 46 percent increase over that incurred in 1998 at PhP315 billion. At least one-third of total labor cost is still accounted for by manufacturing establishments. While, India's labor costs have crept upward over the years but have been offset by falling telecom rates. Typical salaries range from $5,000 to $12,000 for technical staff, while back-office salaries range from $3,500 to $7,500.

Government Policies:

When it comes to political stability, democracy is at its best with true checks and balances in the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches of government. Freedom of speech is upheld at all times and the Philippine press remains the freest and most open in Asia if not in the world. The Indian government, meanwhile, administered national minister specifically for IT. The government favors IT foreign ownership and imposes no export taxes.

With the reports indicated, it is predicted that call center industry will remain to be the most promising business in the world.

Roberto L. Bacasong, 27, works as Customer Interaction Associate in a biggest contact center in the Philippines.

India at Cross Roads

That is how the great Victorian Poet Robert Browning sang. When he said that all was well with the world dissent voices were raised in a chorus of protest. They al cried. ' No, no. All is not well with the world' If all is well with the world what else is there for us to do? When that stage of perfection is reached, there can be no movement, no progress. Only stagnation and disintegration. But that is not what the poet means. He too knows the truth. He has simply left off, when, that transient temporal; yes; not now, but when the God is in His heaven, all will be well with the world. His great contemporary Mathew Arnold felt utterly pessimistic. He was baffled to see the world at cross roads.

The old values, the old systems were all crumbling fast, while the new had yet not taken shape. 'Ah! Love, let us be true to other' he implored. Even love was not honest, he thought. That is exactly the situation now, we find in India.

When we look at the past of India' writes Aurobindo, 'what stakes us next to her spirituality is her stupendous vitality - her inexhaustible power of life, and joy of life - her almost unimaginably prolific creativeness. For 3000 years at least - it is indeed much longer - she has been creating abundantly, incessantly with an inexhaustible many sidedness, republics, kingdoms and empires, philosophies, communities and societies, laws and codes, physical sciences, systems of yoga, systems of politics and administration, arts, spiritual, a plethora of activity, not fixed; not satisfied, she expands far outside her borders; her ships cross the oceans; her wealth brims over Judea, Egypt and Rome; her religious conquer China and Japan spread westward as far as Palestine and Alexandria; the figures of Upanishads and the sayings of the Buddha reecho on the lips of Christ! That was the ancient India when the world was still half asleep.

But the present is only a last deposit of the past still there, but waiting there to assume new forms. But a momentary helplessness of the mind is apparent in the midst of unprecedented conditions. But this apparent in the midst of unprecedented conditions. But this state has soon passed and now the direction in which the country is moving is quite clear. It cannot be on the lines of the west where everything centers round the materialist attitudes. Nor can it ape the Russian way of socialism which differs in the means of realization but at the core is not much at variance with the other; both exaggerate the importance of life. Therefore, it should rightly be the Indian way, and this approach should be based on its recovery of the old spiritual knowledge and experience in all its splendor depth and fullness.

The path we have chosen to move along is not the socialism of the east; nor the capitalism of the west; we call it democracy, but it is both capitalism and socialism combined - socialism with freedom for the individual and capitalism cut to size. In a sense it is liberalized socialism and restricted capitalism. 'we are not merely out to get more money and more products. We ultimately want to become human beings, said the first Prime Minister of India.

Nationalization of banks and insurance companies, government's control over large industrial establishments, slab system of income tax, wealth tax, etc, are all aimed at arresting the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few. Though the plan is excellent, it has failed to deliver the goods. 47 years after freedom the poor remain poor while the rich are getting richer and richer. 33% of the nation's wealth is concentrated in the hands of the country's 5% rich.

Who are to blame for this colossal failure? Man's corrupted mind, his selfishness, his greed, lack of understanding, absence of sympathy, are to blame. The farmer who toils day and night grows food for the country. But the man who acts as a go between the producer and the consumer cheats both - he denies the producer the price he deserves and charges the consumer with a price that he cannot pay. The industrialist who grows with the toil of his work force, exploits them, he adds the government in his cheating list. He maintains a double 'entry' system, one for this own perusal and the other for the government. His back money swells. It is estimated that it exceeds 300 million rupees at the most conservative estimate.

The government officer is not better. His itching palms need continuous greasing. It is a malady that defies the surgeon's scissors. It is now manifest in a hundred forms, growing in stature, it becomes a national peril. It acquires sub standard guns and, outmoded warships, constructs invisible dams and bridges and smuggles out the country's secrets. In times of natural calamities, when the government rushes its aid, its will rarely reach the real sufferer, the money goes to swell the bank accounts of the people who supervise, and the materials of food and medicines change routes reach new destinations.

Corruption has become a national problem that needs a national solution. When the dispenser of justice himself becomes meaningless. Oppression goes on unchecked. The exploited will forever remain exploited. When the law maker himself breaks the law, who will protect the weak, the ignorant and the innocent? Crime continues to thrive; violence becomes the order of the day, suffering goes on unmitigated.

We pride ourselves with the thought that non-violence is our gift to the world. But the violence that erupts in the land time and again on insubstantial reasons is a humiliating experience.

Something even the common man on the streets cannot help wondering whether there is any more unity in this hand of diversity. We talk of national integration, but disintegrating tendencies are on the rise like the terminal cancer. Language, religion, caste, river waters - anything can become the subject of contest and confrontation.

We are at cross roads. Old values, old aims and ambitions all that we have cherished for ages, are crumbling like structures on sand. But this is only an intermissions, a passing state we say. We agree that the malady is every where and we are all equally to blame. This realization alone will atone us. When we rediscover our ancient spiritual grandeur our stupor will go; our vision will become clear and we will find our path again. A land that has been preeminently the land of Dharma, a land that has searched for the inner truth, a land that has found cosmic activity in the human heart, the land which saw the divine glory in every living being will certainly re awake, shake off its stupor and march ahead to a brighter tomorrow. The darkness will soon vanish, the interregnum will end.

Manoj Thampanoor is a freelance writer and has written content for several web & print media projects. He also writes optimized content for better Search Engine Ranking. My Love Poems
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India Shining - Financial Bill 2006-07; Union Govt. of India

Financial Bill, 2006-2007...Government of India

The following are the proposals announced by Union Finance Minister of India, in the Parliament on 28th Feb. 2006.

Changes in Fringe Benefit Tax...as compare to Financial Bill, 2005-2006

Fringe Benefit Tax introduced last year as a revenue raising measure; justified on the principles of horizontal equity and vertical equity; on review, following changes being proposed:

B)Value the benefit in the form of 'tour and travel' at 5 per cent instead of 20 per cent;

C)Value benefit in the form of 'hospitality' and 'use of hotel boarding and lodging facilities', in case of airline companies and shipping industry, at 5 per cent instead of 20 per cent;

D)Exclude expenses on free samples of medicines and of medical equipment distributed to doctors;

E)Exclude expenses incurred on brand ambassador and celebrity endorsement; and

F)Prescribe a threshold of Rs 100,000 under section 115WB(1)(c) so that only a contribution by an employer to an approved superannuation fund in excess of Rs 100,000 per year per employee to attract FBT.

G)Under section 80C there is already exemption up to Rs 100,000 for contribution by an employee to an approved superannuation fund.

H)Effective FBT rate on hospitality reduced to 1.68% from 6.73%.

I)Free sample exclusion from FBT to benefit pharma companies.

Proposals on Direct (Income) -Tax

A)No changes in the rates of personal income tax, which will remain as they are currently.

B)No change in corporate income tax rate.

C)No new taxes on income.

D)One by six scheme for filing of income tax returns has been abolished.

E)Services tax net to be increased which include ATM operations, maintenance and management, share transfers, registration, international air travel excluding economy class, sponsorship other sports events, auctioneers, ship management and travel on cruise.

F)25 per cent across the board increase in securities transaction tax.

G)Cooperative lending banks and rural development banks to be exempted from taxes under Section 80(B).

H)Fixed deposits in scheduled commercial banks with at least five year maturity will get tax exemption for savings under section 80C of Income Tax Act.

I)The Rs 10,000 exemption limit for investment in pension funds under Section 80CCC has been removed but these investments would be brought under Sec.80C subject to a ceiling of Rs 1 lakh.

J)Donations to only religious institutions will be exempted from tax.

K)Minimum alternative tax on corporates increased from 7.5 per cent to 10 per cent.

L)More transactions to come under PAN.

M)Constituency allowances of MLAs to be treated as constituency allowances of MPs for income tax purposes.

N)Banking cash transaction tax introduced last year will continue.

O)Fringe Benefit Tax modified. Threshold limits raised, but FBT will remain as it is justified for ensuring horizontal equity.

P)Minimum alternative tax on corporates increased from 7.5 per cent to 10 per cent.

Proposals on Indirect -Tax

A)Excise duty on cigarettes increased by five per cent.

B)Many tax exemptions in customs and excise to be removed barring SSI.

C)April 1,2010 has been fixed as the date for introduction of goods and services tax.

D)Peak customs duty for non agriculture products reduced from 15 to 12.5 per cent.

E)Customs Duty on primary and non-primary steel and alloy products reduced from 10 per cent to 7.5 per cent.

F)Duties on mineral products reduced from 15 to five per cent, barring some items.

G)Duty on ores and concentrates reduced from five to two per cent.

H)Duty on refractories reduced to 7.5 per cent.

I)Customs duty reduced on ten anti-AIDS drugs and 14 anti-cancer drugs to five per cent.

J)Customs duty on packaging machines reduced from 15 per cent to five per cent.

K)Four per cent countervailing duty on all imports to be levied with few exceptions.

L)Customs duty on bulk plastics reduced from 10 per cent to five per cent.

M)To protect vanaspati industry, customs duty to be increased to 80 per cent on its imports.

N)Import duty on all man made fiber has been reduced from 15 per cent to 10 per cent.

O)Excise duties on man-made fibers and filament yarn reduced from 16 per cent to eight 8 per cent, since it provides growth and employment.

P)Eight per cent special additional duty on aerated soft drinks and small cars withdrawn and they will attract only 16 per cent CENVAT excise duty instead of 24 per cent earlier.

Q)Reduction of duty on footwear priced between Rs 250 and Rs 750 from 16 per cent to eight per cent.

R)Duty on specialized writing paper reduced form 16 to 12 per cent.

S)Excise duty on compact fluorescent lamps reduced from 16 to eight per cent.

T)Cess on domestically produced petroleum crude has been raised from Rs.1800 per tonne to Rs.2500 per tonne but the entire amount to be absorbed by oil producing companies

Other Highlights of General Budgets...Others Proposals

1.The defence budget raised to Rs 89,000 crore (Rs 890 billion) in 2006-07 from Rs 83,000 crore (Rs 830 billion) in the current year. Of this Rs 37,458 crore (Rs 374.58 billion) would be capital expenditure.

2.Rs 100 crore special grant for Punjab Agricultural University as a centre of excellence for its commendable work in agricultural research.

3.500 ITIs to be upgraded in five years. Work has already started in 100 ITIs and would be taken up in the remaining 400 institutes soon. Rs 97 crore (Rs 970 million) allocated in 2006-07.

4.Special assistance of Rs 848 crore (Rs 8.48 billion) for Jammu and Kashmir for its reconstruction fund, including Rs 230 crore (Rs 2.30 billion) for Baglihar project. This will be in addition to 2006-07 state plan of Rs 2,300 crore (Rs 23 billion).

5.Rs 10 crore (Rs 100 million) allocated for preparatory work for celebrating the 150th anniversary of the First War of Independence of 1857 in a befitting manner.

6.To safeguard old art forms, Vedic chanting and Ram Lila have been declared UNESCO heritage and will be granted Rs 5 crore (Rs 50 million).

7.Comprehensive Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority bill to be introduced in 2006-07 incorporating the recommendations of K P Narasimhan Committee on insurance sector revamp. The committee has already submitted its report to government and IRDA is studying its recommendations.

8.An Investors Protection Fund will be set up and funded by fines and penalties to safeguard the interests of retail investors.

9.FII investment limit in stock markets will be raised from $1.75 billion to $2 billion to deepen, strengthen and broaden the market.

10.Raise in the aggregate investment of overseas investors from $1 billion to $2 billion is proposed.

11.An investment protection fund under the aegis of SEBI would be set up.

12.Rs 50 cr (Rs 500 million) for Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai varsities.

13.Eighty two power projects are in various stages of implementation in the country to overcome power shortage. This when completed in 1 to 3 years will generate 33,000 mws of power in PSUs and 6500 mws in private sector. Of this, 15,000 mw of power generation is to be installed by March 2007.

14.Five mega power projects of Rs 4000 crore (Rs 40 billion) each is to be set up for which clearance is to be given by March 31, 2006. Of this, one each will come in Chhattisgarh and MP. The remaining three will be in coastal areas of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Gujarat.

15.NHAI to be reconstituted to make it more effective.

16.A new deep draft port to be set up in West Bengal. A study is to be conducted.

17.The National Institute of Port Management in Chennai to be renamed as National Maritime Academy and converted into a Central University with branches in Mumbai, Viskhapatnam and Kolkata.

18.Old age pension to be increased to Rs 200 per month for above 75 years of age.

19.Allocation for it put at Rs 1430 crore (Rs 14.3 billion) from the Centre and the state government to provide matching contribution.

20.Rajiv Gandhi drinking water program to get Rs 4680 crore (Rs 46.8 billion) next year as against Rs 3645 crore this year.

21.National Health Mission allocation increased to Rs 8207 crore (Rs 82.07 billion) in next fiscal from Rs 6,553 crore (Rs 65.53 billion) this year.

22.Government plans to eradicate polio by December 2007, Chidambaram said.

23.The Finance Minister said that Rs 14,300 crore (Rs 143 billion) for rural employment program would be scheduled during 2006-07, out of which Rs 11,300 crore (Rs 113 billion) for NREG program and Rs 3,000 crore (Rs 30 billion) for SGRY.

24.New towns to be established on specific themes.

25.For gender budgeting under various heads, Rs 28,737 crore (Rs 297.37 billion) has been allocated.

26.Special schemes to be announced for STs and SCs for their development.

27.India to be made a manufacturing hub for textiles, steel, metals and petroleum products.

28.Maulana Azad Educational Foundation corpus doubled to Rs 200 crore (Rs 2 billion) for greater financial support to organizations involved in minority welfare.

29.Allocation for national Urdu education program increased to Rs 13 crore (Rs 130 million) from Rs 10 crore (Rs 100 million) this year.

30.One thousand schools for girls of SCs, STs, OBCs and minorities to be set up.

31.A girl child will get Rs 3,000 deposited in a bank account after she enrolls for eighth class examination and the amount would be given when she becomes a major.

32.Separate window for tenant farmers to ensure loan share. Agri credit proposed to be increased to Rs 175,000 crore (Rs 1750 billion) next year as against Rs 1,41,500 crore (Rs 1415 billion), covering additional 50 lakh farmers.

33.Farmers to receive short term credit at 7 per cent.

34.Budgetary loan for PSEs has been fixed at Rs 16901 crore (Rs 169.01 billion) including Rs 2791 crore ( Rs 27.91 billion) for Railways.

35.Ninety-six per cent of the golden quadrilateral would be completed by June 2006 and the corridor would be completed by the end of 2008.

36.Six lakh hectares of irrigation potential expected to be created this year. Rupees nine hundred and forty-four crore (Rs 9.44 billion) released this year under the Accelerated Irrigated Benefit Program.

37.Allocation on education increased by 31.5 per cent to over Rs 24,150 crore (Rs 241.5 billion) and that for healthcare raised by 22 per cent to Rs 12, 546 crore (Rs 125.46 billion).

38.Entire Rs 1,100 crore (Rs 11 billion) for rural electrification released this year and 10,366 villages to be electrified.

39.Five lakh additional class rooms to be constructed and 150,000 additional teachers to be appointed.

40.Larger budgetary support will be given to Bharat Nirmal Programme: Rs 18696 crore (Rs 186.96 billion) to be given which represents a hike of 54 per cent.

41.Total budget for north-eastern region will be Rs 12,041 crore (Rs 120.41billion) including Rs 1,350 crore (Rs 13.5 billion) for the ministry of north-east development.

42.A massive immunization program will be launched to eradicate polio completely by 2007.

43.Allocation for mid-day meal scheme to be enhanced to Rs 4813 crore (Rs 48.13 billion) next fiscal as against Rs 3014 crore (Rs 30.14 billion) this year.

44.Gross budgetary support for annual plan expenditure has been raised to Rs 1,74,725 crore (Rs 1747.25 billion) for 2006-07 as against Rs 1,43,497 crore (Rs 1434.97 billion), an increase of 20.4 per cent.

45.Likewise for the central plan increased to Rs 1,31,285 crore (Rs 1312.85 billion) next fiscal.

46.Eight flagship program of the UPA including Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and Mid-Day Meal Scheme will get a total allocation of Rs 60,015 crore (Rs 600.15 billion) in 2006-07 as against Rs 34,927 crore (Rs 349.27 billion) in the current year.

47.Metro in Hyderabad to be considered.

48.Old age pension to be increased to Rs 200 per month for above 75 years of age.

49.Allocation for it put at Rs 1430 crore (Rs 14.3 billion) from the Centre and the state government to provide matching contribution.

50.Rajiv Gandhi drinking water programme to get Rs 4680 crore (Rs 46.8 billion) next year as against Rs 3645 crore this year.

51.National Health Mission allocation increased to Rs 8207 crore (Rs 82.07 billion) in next fiscal from Rs 6,553 crore (Rs 65.53 billion) this year.

52.Government plans to eradicate polio by December 2007, Chidambaram said.

53.The Finance Minister said that Rs 14,300 crore (Rs 143 billion) for rural employment programme would be scheduled during 2006-07, out of which Rs 11,300 crore (Rs 113 billion) for NREG programme and Rs 3,000 crore (Rs 30 billion) for SGRY.

54.New towns to be established on specific themes.

55.For gender budgeting under various heads, Rs 28,737 crore (Rs 297.37 billion) has been allocated.

56.Special schemes to be announced for STs and SCs for their development.

57.India to be made a manufacturing hub for textiles, steel, metals and petroleum products.

58.Maulana Azad Educational Foundation corpus doubled to Rs 200 crore (Rs 2 billion) for greater financial support to organizations involved in minority welfare.

59.Allocation for national Urdu education programme increased to Rs 13 crore (Rs 130 million) from Rs 10 crore (Rs 100 million) this year.

60.One thousand schools for girls of SCs, STs, OBCs and minorities to be set up.

61.A girl child will get Rs 3,000 deposited in a bank account after she enrolls for eighth class examination and the amount would be given when she becomes a major.

62.Separate window for tenant farmers to ensure loan share. Agri credit proposed to be increased to Rs 175,000 crore (Rs 1750 billion) next year as against Rs 1,41,500 crore (Rs 1415 billion), covering additional 50 lakh farmers.

63.Farmers to receive short term credit at 7 per cent.

64.Budgetary loan for PSEs has been fixed at Rs 16901 crore (Rs 169.01 billion) including Rs 2791 crore ( Rs 27.91 billion) for Railways.

What they have to say about the Financial Bill, 2006-2007

Saroj K Poddar, President, FICCI: The most significant points in the Budget are the enhanced allocations for infrastructure like roads. I am sure this will drive growth.

We are also glad that Finance Minister P Chidambaram has announced a series of incentives in the agriculture sector. He has made good allocation for agriculture. This will increase agricultural output and it will in turn help develop the rural areas.

One area of concern in the Budget is power generation. The finance minister has now announced five new power projects, and we hope these new projects will accelerate growth in the industrial sector. But our concern is whether the power projects will be executed on time.

It is also great that Chidambaram has not touched income tax rates. I believe reducing the excise tax rates will lead to more manufacturing. The finance minister's idea to introduce goods and services tax by 2010 is a good move forward.

R Seshasayee, Vice President, CII: I feel overall the Budget is good. The good news is that we must celebrate the tax-GDP ratio of 10 per cent. It proves our economy has arrived. The disappointing factor is the continuation of bank withdrawal tax.

Another good thing about the Budget is that it continues to put emphasis on education.

The overall approach is good for economy and country if we continue to pay more attention on education.

The above mentioned proposals are as presented by Union Finance Minister of India Mr. P. Chidambaram in Parliament on 28th Feb. 2006. These proposals are debatable and subject to change.

Compiled and prepared by: Sanjeev Sharma (Himachali)
Chandigarh-India
(Mobile: +91-9876328841)
(E-mail: ss_himachali@yahoomail.com; sanjeev.himachali@gmail.com)
(Blog: http://sanjeevhimachali.blogspot.com)

Corporate Greed Driving India Farmers to Suicide by the Thousands

The promise is the same everywhere. Buy our patented seeds at twice the price of others, buy our chemical fertilizers and pesticides and you will prosper like the government subsidized American farmers. These corporate parasites know how to sell in any language. The cost of the promised prosperity which seldom occurs without government subsidy and requires annual borrowing, as with American farming, is more than a poor farmer can afford. But corporate greed convinces him to gamble his future and his life on false corporate hope.

Working hand in glove with the corporate scum are the local money lenders, sometimes taking 5% interest per month and sometimes the entire harvest if drought or floods do not beat Mr. Moneybags to the harvest. India could not have chosen a worse model to modernize its agriculture than American corporate farming, which has already destroyed more value than it has produced, excluding corporate profits of course, because corporate balance sheets are all that matter in this world. Raped lands and environments be damned.

People and the people in government especially, easily lose sight of the fundamental importance of agriculture to the total national economy. A nation which does not feed its people is forever dependent upon the good will of people who cannot be trusted. Even the rich nations have boarded this leaky boat and they will pay dearly for so doing and are already paying dearly, in terms of food quality, environmental damage and disease.

If a nation is to have healthy people, requiring a minimum of medical attention, it must have health producing food, not the plastic the corporations peddle in the name of high yields and damage resistance. To have health building food, grow in rich organic soil 100% chemical free. In the story I read, a 31 year old farmer borrowed $9 for a bottle of pesticide which he drank to kill himelf. So the manufacturer made five dollars to create a widow and two small fatherless children. Congratulations on your keen business acumen, corporate parasite. Win - lose marketing at its finest.

Indian government must discourage all farming and switch to organic gardening to continuously enrich the soil upon which a combination of subsistence and high value cash crops are grown. Competing with government subsidized, environmentally destructive, disease producing corporate agriculture is like running a marathon on your hands and knees. You might finish the race but you will win no prize. We are talking about a sustainable foundaion for a national economy. It deserves more thought and planning than where to build the next chemical disaster.

To have rich and healthy soil as a foundation for prosperity it is essential to compost mineral rich plants and manures, green and vegetariabn animal wastes. The best source of mineral rich plants are seacoasts. The next best source is former cotton fields planted in alfalfla or a similarly deep root crop which mines the deep minerals in sub soil. A government which will subsidize small scale agriculture will make strict conditions. A gardener must produce twice the food his family requires, so a partial failure allows his family to eat. Crops sprayed with a mixture of kelp or seaweed and fish emulshion are drought resistant, insect resistant (few insects eat fish or kelp), disease resistant and yield more plant and fruit than anything corporate agriculture will ever have to offer.

Build raised gardens close to the house or shanty where it is natural to keep a close eye on them. Make them any length and four feet wide, waist high. Fill the bottom half with sand or stone, the top half or one third with topsoil and compost. Build with brick, block or stone which will not wash away with heavy rain. Use either a square foot method or third meter, in the case of a one meter wide bed. The idea is an easy reach from each side to the center of the bed. By growing food and high value cash crops in these raised beds, one has purchased one time flood insurance. Small pipes at the bottom of these beds allow the bed to drain by gravity. The soaked soil will drain. If the rain is severe or prolonged, spread inexpensive covers over a sturdy frame above the plants in the bed. In Winter or cold weather, clear plastic covers will heat the bed and prevent crop freeze overnight. The thermal mass of such elevated beds acts as a thermal flywheel, maintaing desired temperatures.

As each gardner is growing twice the table food required by his family or more, let the surplus be split. Half for fresh seed and half for the local market. The independence and security the regular production of surplus food engenders cannot be valued in currency. This is private, personal, life and health insurance. Cash crops should be both common and coveted medicinal herbs and spices. There will always be a free market for such. Wisely chosen herbs and spices may be dried and shipped around the globe at very high profits. Trends in rich countries will always tell you how to harvest the most cash from a square foot or third meter of crop.

Square Foot Gardening is now so highly developed, one can grow five times the crop volume with the same resources wasted in conventional farming and gardening. Any nation not using this method is wasting resources and labor. Harvest humanithy for record profits and growth, not chemicals and scarce resources. Outlaw the corporate confidence men and the local money lenders. Teach your rural populations sustainable agriculture and become the dominant economic power of the New Age. The wisdom to do so is among your people. When you end farming, you end farmer suicides.

Ed Howes sought and found, knocked and entered. Now he sees things differently. To see more of what he sees, please visit http://www.justanotherview.com or do an author search here at Ezine Articles.